Indonesia is the biggest archipelagic nation
with a length of coastline at 95.181 km [1] and angrove areas estimated at 3.244.018 ha, which is mainly distributed in Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua [2]. These mangrove areas are home to 35 % of fish in the world [2]. The Bone Gulf is one of the Indonesian waters located between South Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi, with a length of coastline at 1.128 km [3]. It bears mangrove areas, sandy beaches, and a coast planted with palm oil.

See also  Intraspecific geographic differentiation and patterns of endemism in