The historical archaeology of Luwu

From the time of the earliest European contact in the sixteenth century of the Common Era until
well into the twentieth century, the Bugis of South Sulawesi were organized into kingdoms.1 The
broad outlines of the political histories of the major Bugis kingdoms in the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries are known from indigenous historical texts associated with those kingdoms
and, after 1605, from Dutch and other European archival records.